Social Stratification Practice Test

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• Which perspective views inequality as a product of coercion and power that serves the interests of dominant groups?
• Which mechanism in schools most directly contributes to persistent inequality by routing students into different educational paths?
• What does conflict theory attribute stratification to?
• In Elite Systems, which factor is considered most important for maintaining the system?
• How does occupational prestige relate to income and status?
• According to Marx's economic dimension, how is income related to education and occupation?
• Among the listed occupations, which is highest in rank by power and prestige in the stratification examples?
• Which statement about credentialism is correct?
• Which stage describes the meaning-making process from behavior to shared social meanings in the construction of reality?
• Regarding gender, which statement is true?
• Why do functionalists argue stratification is necessary?
• The matrix of domination contends that stratification is an overarching system across multiple axes such as race, gender, class, and sexuality, with each system reinforcing others. Which statement best captures this concept?
• What do order theorists focus on?
• Why is there social inequality?
• In the Davis–Moore theory, functional importance of positions is used to justify what?
• Which statement best defines social stratification and identifies its core features?
• Class systems are maintained through which mechanisms?
• What is the Lorenz curve used for?
• What is Bowles and Gintis' critique of meritocracy in relation to schooling?
• What are the social determinants of health and how do they relate to stratification?
• Which ratio is designed to highlight extremes by comparing top 10% against bottom 40%?
• Compare functionalist and conflict perspectives on stratification.
• What does wealth concentration at the top imply for social stratification?
• Define intersectionality and its relevance to stratification.
• What is life chances and how is it affected by stratification?
• In social stratification, differences in what underlie all forms of inequality?
• What does the Thomas Theorem state?
• What is cultural capital and its role in education?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as contributing to the rise in economic inequality in the United States?
• Which statement best captures the idea that wealth concentration matters for life chances?
• Which statement best describes the mobility difference between caste systems and class-based systems?<|end_of_response|>
• Which term describes fixed, unchangeable status from birth?
• Explain intergenerational mobility and intragenerational mobility.
• Which statement best reflects the core idea of education and mobility according to human capital logic?
• Which pair of factors determine the relative rank of different positions in society?
• Which statement best defines the persuasive form of power?
• Which statement best describes a common critique of neoliberalism in relation to welfare and inequality?
• What was a key point in Tumin's critique of the Davis–Moore theory of functional importance?
• Which factor is NOT listed as determining inequalities of opportunity?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between class systems and ascribed/achieved traits?
• Explain how marriage patterns influence social mobility.
• Define absolute mobility and relative mobility and provide an example.
• Bowles and Gintis critique of meritocracy argues that schooling serves to legitimize inequality by rewarding obedience and conformist behavior.
• What is symbolic capital, and what is an example of it?
• Which perspective views society as a balanced system made up of differently functioning but interrelated parts?
• Distinguish absolute poverty from relative poverty.
• Which statement best describes the drivers of health inequality?
• What do conflict theorists emphasize?
• Which statement captures DM's assumption about talent for important positions?
• Why is the doctor vs. janitor example used in sociology discussions?
• Which factors contribute to gender wage gaps in many regions?
• Describe the Davis-Moore functionalist argument for why stratification persists in society and one major critique.
• Summarize Marx's theory of class conflict and its view of class structure in capitalist society.
• Which authority type lends support to political leaders and maintenance of elite systems?
• Policy environments influence gender labor participation and wages via which channels?
• Sponsored mobility is most closely associated with which regions?
• What is assortative mating?
• In international systems of stratification, what describes developing nations' economic position?
• Status inconsistency occurs when individuals have mismatched social positions such as high wealth but low prestige; what are typical consequences?
• How do welfare state regimes vary across countries in terms of stratification?
• Which statement best describes why combining Marxian, Weberian, and Bourdieusian perspectives provides a fuller understanding of stratification?
• Weber's concept of class groupings emphasizes that people are grouped by what?
• According to Tumin, people born in lower strata can never have the same opportunities for realizing their talents as those born into higher strata. This statement reflects which idea?
• Explain the concept of a racialized labor market.
• Which of the following best describes the first stage of the three-stage process?
• Which country exemplifies an open stratification system with mobility through education and merit?
• Which statements correctly describe the Palma ratio and the Theil index?
• What does the phrase “coercion, not consensus” imply about social order?
• Which concept describes the idea that overlapping social identities create unique experiences of inequality that cannot be understood by examining any single category alone?
• Externalization refers to:
• Which theorist is associated with the behavioral dimension of class?
• How do powerful groups maintain inequality according to the text?
• Why is the idea of social structure difficult to grasp for many people?
• Per Davis-Moore, why does stratification exist?
• How do taxation and redistribution aim to reduce inequality?
• What is wage stagnation and how does it relate to stratification?
• How is social structure best described?
• Which statement best characterizes the Davis–Moore theory?
• Weber's behavioral dimension suggests that upper-class individuals engage in distinctive leisure activities such as which?
• What is a common critique of the culture of poverty concept?
• Differentiation in stratification refers to differences in what?
• In world-systems theory, which group is intermediate and can both exploit others and be exploited?
• Which term describes statuses obtained through individual effort?
• Weber's dimension of power refers to the ability to influence or control others; which of the following is an example of power that may be separate from wealth or prestige?
• In Weber's behavioral dimension, which elements are cited as examples of class-typical differences?
• What is the human capital theory in education and mobility?
• How does education function as a mechanism of social reproduction?
• Which statement illustrates continued inequality within contest mobility?
• Which occupation is listed as an example of a stratified occupation?
• Which option does NOT represent an axis of stratification as described in the material?
• Tumin argued that the pool of talent may be larger than DM assumed. Which statement supports this idea?
• Credentialism argues that...
• Which statement best defines habitus and its relation to education?
• Identify a policy instrument used to reduce inequality and its effect.
• What is global stratification and why is it important for understanding inequality?
• In international systems of stratification, which is considered most important for maintaining the system?
• Which description best captures the concept of social closure in sociology?
• How does gender-based occupational segregation relate to pay?
• What factors contribute to the gender wage gap?
• Which statement about Marx's theory of class conflict in capitalist society is most accurate?
• Which statement best describes how urban segregation relates to stratification?
• Which combination best describes what maintains Modern systems?
• Which group of theorists sees society as held together by the power of dominant classes and ruling elites?
• Describe the role of education systems in stratification, including tracking and credentialism.
• According to symbolic interactionism, how does social class affect people?
• Which statement best summarizes Marx's view of social stratification?
• Explain occupation-based prestige and how the Treiman scale is used in sociological research.
• Inequality is woven into all societies through a structured system of stratification. What is this system called?
• Which policy would most directly reduce health inequality related to life expectancy?
• Class is defined as groupings of people with approximately similar what?
• Which example best illustrates Legal-Rational Authority?
• Which statement about wealth concentration versus income concentration is accurate?
• What are the two general schools of thought in sociology?
• Which statement best describes the Palma ratio?
• Which statement best defines stratification?
• What does the concept of intersectionality (double jeopardy) describe?
• Which is NOT listed as a consequence of stratification?
• In Bourdieusian theory, what is social capital?
• What does the Gini coefficient measure, and what do higher values imply?
• Which factor is NOT commonly cited as contributing to the gender wage gap?
• Which statement correctly differentiates caste from class in terms of mobility, inheritance, and ideology?
• Which statement is NOT a core feature of social stratification?
• Which statement correctly describes race, ethnicity, and caste as axes of stratification, with a relevant example?
• Life chances are opportunities to improve life outcomes and can be limited by stratification in which domains?
• How is occupational prestige measured and why is it important for stratification?
• Gender inequality is defined as discrimination on the basis of sex or gender resulting in which outcome?
• Differentiate intergenerational mobility from intragenerational mobility and give an example of each.
• Which is a documented health-related consequence of stratification?
• Sponsored mobility is more common in Europe and Japan because:
• What does modernization theory emphasize in explaining global inequality?
• Explain the motherhood penalty and its impact on women's stratification.
• The poverty line serves as a threshold to identify those who lack basic needs. What is a major critique of using a poverty line?
• How is the gender wage gap typically measured in research?
• Which policy is most likely to reduce income inequality?
• In contest mobility, which statement is true about the U.S. education system?
• What is stratification?
• Explain the relationship between life expectancy and health inequality.
• According to the material, developed nations often use others for natural resources. Which option captures this idea?
• What does social capital refer to, and how can it influence stratification?
• Inequality issues persist within and between which units?
• Which of the following is NOT a listed source of power?
• What does the Lorenz curve illustrate in relation to income distribution?
• In world-systems theory, which group is described as having advanced economies and dominating global capitalism?
• Which statement best defines absolute mobility?
• Which two criteria define functional importance in this theory?
• What role do exams like the SAT play in contest mobility in the U.S.?
• Why is median income often preferred over mean income in assessing inequality?
• Why do high-income, power, and prestige attach to certain positions in this framework?
• Which occupation is not listed among the differentiation examples (Laborers, Farmers, Toolmakers, Soldiers, Teachers, Doctors)?
• Which form of capital refers to networks and connections that help reproduce class?
• Welfare state policies influence social stratification by...
• Which statement best differentiates the glass ceiling from the glass escalator?
• What factors drive the racial wealth gap in the United States?
• Which statement describes Modern systems?
• Which statement reflects Davis and Moore's view of stratification?
• In Weber's framework, do all classes have unique behaviors?
• Why does wealth inequality matter beyond income inequality?
• Which form of economic inequality tends to be more persistent across generations?
• What were the three estates in the feudal estate system, and which order correctly reflects their typical hierarchy?
• The sociological imagination enables recognition of which distinction?
• Age plays what role in stratification?
• Caste systems are closed, hereditary hierarchies with limited mobility; class systems are more open, based on achieved economic position and life chances, with fluid movement across strata.
• In world-systems theory, which description best characterizes core countries?
• What is meritocracy?
• What is tracking in education and how does it affect inequality?
• Which dimension in Weber's model refers to political influence or organized power?
• Which description best contrasts Nordic welfare states with liberal welfare states?
• Life chances refer to what?
• Which term describes the top share of income and its relation to inequality trends?
• What best defines 'life chances' in the context of social stratification?
• In Bourdieu's framework, which form of capital consists of financial assets and wealth?
• Reality is socially constructed in three stages. Which is the correct order?
• In the US and Canada, race and ethnicity become the basis of categorization and inequality. What does this imply?
• Which form of capital is prestige recognized as legitimate?
• What do symbolic interactionists argue about gender and other identities?
• In Davis-Moore's theory, which positions are rewarded the most?
• In Weberian theory, what does the 'party' dimension denote?
• Which statement correctly contrasts dependency theory with modernization theory in explaining global inequality?
• In functionalist theory, what is required for roles to be filled?
• What forms of discrimination in labor markets contribute to persistent inequality?
• Which characteristic best describes a closed stratification system?
• What is the effect of access to high-status credentials being stratified by wealth?
• Which option is NOT a mechanism by which education policy can reduce intergenerational inequality?
• In Bourdieusian theory, what does cultural capital refer to?
• Which theorist is associated with the Order/Consensus/Functional perspective?
• Which statement reflects Davis-Moore's functionalist argument for inequality?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a form of power?
• Which statement best describes mobility in slavery, serfdom, and caste compared to some class-based contexts?
• Which statement best distinguishes modernization theory from dependency theory?
• Which term describes countries that occupy middle positions between core and periphery in world-systems theory?
• Which sequence describes how income is produced according to Marx's economic dimension?
• Globalization is linked to job polarization by what mechanism?
• Which statement best differentiates horizontal and vertical occupational segregation?
• How do we differentiate income inequality from wealth inequality?
• Functional importance is measured by which aspect?
• What are the limitations of the occupational prestige scale?
• What is the Palma ratio and why is it used?
• Racial inequality is best described as the unequal distribution of which elements across race in a society?
• Weber identifies three interrelated dimensions of stratification. Which are they?
• What does intersectionality study in the context of social stratification?
• In sociology, internalization most accurately refers to what?
• What is redlining and how does it contribute to wealth gaps?
• What does cultural capital include, and how does it relate to education and class reproduction?
• Under globalization, which factor tends to widen domestic inequality if not countered by policy?
• Which phenomenon describes faster promotions for men in female-dominated occupations?
• What is a core claim summarized from Davis-Moore's theory?
• Which statement describes the core-periphery dynamic in global economics?
• Absolute mobility vs relative mobility: which statement is correct?
• Which statement best differentiates absolute poverty from relative poverty?
• Define Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital and how it reproduces inequality.
• What would a Gini coefficient of 0 indicate?
• List and define the four forms of capital in Bourdieu's framework and give an example of how each can reproduce class.
• Identify two education policy mechanisms to reduce intergenerational inequality.
• Which of the following correctly lists Weber's three dimensions of stratification and provides an example for one?
• What does the Lorenz curve's 45-degree line represent in terms of income distribution?
• Which form of capital is most closely associated with Lareau's concept of concerted cultivation in parenting?
• Which statement about the Gini coefficient is true?
• How do social determinants of health relate to stratification in health outcomes?
• What does relative deprivation theory claim?
• How does gentrification affect mobility opportunities for residents?
• What is universal basic income (UBI) and its relation to stratification?
• What factors influence life chances according to Weber?
• Which statement best distinguishes social stratification from social inequality?
• Which concept captures the interlocking oppression across multiple identities such as race, gender, class, and sexuality?
• What is the 'culture of poverty' concept and its critiques?
• Historical oppression leaves enduring disparities in wealth, education, and political power that persist across generations due to...
• Which statement best describes internalization in socialization?
• Which statement best captures the idea that stratification tends to persist across generations?
• How can housing policy influence spatial inequality?
• Which term describes countries that occupy middle positions between core and periphery in world-systems theory?
• Which statement best characterizes semi-periphery countries in world-systems theory?
• Which statement about occupational prestige is accurate in stratification research?
• Which statement about globalization and domestic stratification is most accurate?
• What does credentialism mean in the context of education and labor markets?
• What does the Gini coefficient measure?